How Much Music Fits on an LP Side?

I saw this question posed in our forums and found a really good answer from the mastering engineer Scott Hull:

It’s a simple question with a complex answer. Many websites publish charts explaining how much music fits on one side of a vinyl record. The main purpose of those guidelines is to make it easy for the cutting engineer to do his job. But do you want to have an average record or an extraordinary one? Ah, I thought so. You need to read on.